GHG emissions covered by ETSs and Carbon taxes

This dataset shows the greenhouse gas covered by carbon pricing initiatives. In 2022, these initiatives would cover 11.83 GtCO2e, representing 23.11% of global GHG emissions.

Note: Carbon pricing initiatives are considered "scheduled for implementation" once they have been formally adopted through legislation and have an official, planned start date.  Carbon pricing initiatives are considered “under consideration” if the government has announced its intention to work towards the implementation of a carbon pricing initiative and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources.   Jurisdictions that only mention carbon pricing in their NDCs are not included as different interpretations of the NDC text are possible. Carbon pricing initiatives have been classified as ETSs and carbon taxes according to how they operate technically; local terminology may vary. ETS does not only refer to cap-and-trade systems, but also baseline-and-credit systems such as in British Columbia. However, systems operating like a baseline-and-offsets program, such as Australia Safeguard Mechanism, fall outside the scope of the definition of ETS. Carbon pricing has evolved over the years and initiatives do not necessarily follow the two categories in a strict sense.  Due to the dynamic approach to continuously improve data quality, changes to the map do not only reflect new developments, but also corrections following new information from official government sources.